拟柱孢藻毒素生物合成的分子基础与进化特征
- 分享到:
摘要：
拟柱孢藻毒素是由尖头藻等水华蓝藻产生的一种生物碱类蓝藻毒素.毒理学研究表明该毒素进入动物体内后能够对多种器官产生毒性效应,且以肝毒性较为明显.拟柱孢藻毒素的毒性虽不及微囊藻毒素,但由于其结构的稳定性和水溶性,能够在水体中积累到较高浓度,增大了饮用水健康风险,且容易通过食物链富集造成更为严重的中毒事件.随着尖头藻水华在世界范围内的蔓延,拟柱孢藻毒素也引起了研究者和水体管理部门的广泛关注.作为一种次级代谢产物,拟柱孢藻毒素的生物合成是从甘氨酸、精氨酸和丙二酰CoA开始,由特定的多种酶依次催化完成的.这些酶的编码基因在基因组上形成簇状结构,不同种的产毒藻具有相似的毒素合成基因簇,主要差别在于基因序列的变异和排列方式的不同.对毒素合成基因及其功能的探究不但有助于建立可靠的分子检测方法,用于预测水华发生过程中的毒素风险,还可以加深对蓝藻次级代谢产物合成与进化的认识,为利用和改造这些天然代谢途径合成新的活性化合物提供参考.通过对拟柱孢藻毒素生物合成的分子基础及其进化特征的系统性总结,以期从分子水平为相关领域的研究者提供有关拟柱孢藻毒素的全面认识.
Cylindrospermopsin is an alkaloid cyanotoxin produced by bloom-forming cyanobacteria such as Raphidiopsis.According to toxicological studies,cylindrospermopsin causes toxic effects on several organs,especially on liver.Although the toxicity of cylindrospermopsin is weaker than microcystin,a higher concentration of cylindrospermopsin may accumulate in water bodies due to its structural stability and water solubility,amplifying the health risk in drinking water.In addition,bioaccumulation of cylindrospermopsin may occur through food chain,leading to more severe poisoning.Owing to the worldwide dispersal of Raphidiopsis blooms,cylindrospermopsin has attracted widespread concerns from researchers and water administrators.As a secondary metabolite,the biosynthesis of cylindrospermopsin starts from small-molecule substrate and is catalyzed by several special enzymes.The genes encoding these enzymes forms a cluster on the genome.The biosynthesis gene clusters of cylindrospermopsin are similar among different cyanobacterial species and their differences include variations of sequences and gene arrangements.Studies on cylindrospermopsin biosynthesis genes and their function are beneficial to developing reliable molecular detection methods and predicting toxin risk during water blooms as well.Also,in-depth knowledge of the biosynthesis and evolution of cyanobacterial secondary metabolites could provide a reference for synthesizing novel active compounds by utilizing and reconstructing these naturally metabolic pathways.In this review,the molecular basis and evolutionary characteristics of cylindrospermopsin biosynthesis were discussed systematically in order to provide a comprehensive understanding of cylindrospermopsin at molecular level for researchers in related fields.
作者：
蒋永光 王志高 王纯波
Jiang Yongguang;Wang Zhigao;Wang Chunbo(School of Environmental Studies,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China;Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China)
机构地区：
中国地质大学环境学院 中国科学院水生生物研究所
出处：
《betway官方app 学报：自然科学版》 CAS 北大核心 2022年第3期47-58,共12页
Journal of Henan Normal University(Natural Science Edition)
基金：
国家自然科学基金(31500071) 中国地质大学(武汉)中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(CUG170680).
关键词：
蓝藻毒素 拟柱孢藻毒素 生物合成 基因簇 系统发育
cyanotoxin cylindrospermopsin biosynthesis gene cluster phylogenetics
分类号：
Q931 [生物学—微生物学] Q933 [生物学—微生物学]
