青少年女子体操运动员进食障碍的特征分析

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摘要:

目的:对比青少年女子体操运动员中进食障碍(ED)与非ED者在饮食结构、血液生化以及身体成分等因素的差异.方法:70名青少年女子体操运动员按年龄分为两组:10~14岁组(n=38)和15~19岁组(n=32),通过ED诊断量表将每个年龄组再分为两个亚组——ED组和非ED组.调查受试者能量和营养素摄入量,测定身体成分和血液生化指标.结果:ED的总发生率为37.1%,但在两个年龄组间并无统计学差异(P>0.05).调查问卷中,17.1%的运动员使用过控体质量手段.两个年龄组中ED组体质量、脂肪含量和体脂百分比均高于非ED组(P<0.01).两个年龄组中非ED组蛋白摄入量高于推荐量,10~14岁ED组蛋白摄入量低于非ED组(P<0.01);其他营养素摄入量虽然在ED组和非ED组无统计学差异(P>0.05),但均低于膳食推荐量.21.4%的运动员诊断为铁缺乏,11.4%诊断为缺铁性红细胞生成,14.3%诊断为缺铁性贫血,且两个年龄组中ED组的发生率均高于非ED组.结论:密切关注青少年女子运动员的生理与营养状态对于防治ED尤为重要.

Objective： The purpose is to find out the differences in such factors as diet, blood biochemistry, and body composition between ED and non-ED group in adolescent female gymnasts. Methods： Seventy adolescent female gymnasts were divided into two groups： age 10--14 group （n= 38） and age15--19 group （n= 32）. To investigate the subjects＂ energy and nu- trient intake, and to measure their body composition and blood biochemical indexes, each age group was divided into two sub- groups-ED group and non-ED group by ED diagnostic scale. Results： The total incidence rate of ED was 37.1%, yet no statis- tical difference was found between two age groups （P〉0.05）. According to the questionnaire, weight control measures were used by 17.1% athletes. In the ED age group, the indexes, including weight, fat content and ratio of body fat, are all higher than those of non-ED group（P〈0.01）. In non-ED age group, protein intake was higher than recommended amount. Compared with non-ED group, protein intake of ED group was lower in 10--14 age group （P〈0.01）. Although no significant difference was found in other nutrient intakes（P^0.05）, all of which are lower than dietary recommendations either in ED group or in n0n-ED group. 21.4% athletes were diagnosed with iron deficiency, 11.4% athletes were diagnosed with iron-deficient eryth- ropoiesis and 14.3% athletes were diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia, and the incidence rates of these symptoms in ED group were all higher than those in non-ED group （P〈0.01）. Conclusion： Close attention should be given to the physiological and nutritional status of young female athletes, which is of particular importance for the prevention and treatment of ED.

作者:

汤静

机构地区:

河南工程学院体育部

出处:

《betway官方app 学报：自然科学版》 CAS 北大核心 2016年第1期184-188,共5页

基金:

河南省科技攻关项目(152102310117)

关键词:

女子体操运动员进食障碍进食障碍量表

female gymnasts eating disorders eating disorder scale

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