有机肥等氮量替代化肥对豫南砂姜黑土区夏玉米生长及土壤理化性状的影响

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摘要：

有机肥替代部分化肥是实现中国化肥零增长的重要技术途径之一.在豫南砂姜黑土条件下,通过大田实验,以夏玉米豫单132为试验材料,采用商品有机肥等氮量替代化肥法,设置正常施化肥和不施氮肥为对照,有机肥等氮量替代20%,40%,60%,80%,100%化肥共7个处理,研究了有机肥等氮量替代化肥对夏玉米生长及土壤理化性状的影响.结果表明:施用有机肥处理产量均高于单施化肥处理组,随有机肥替代比例增加,玉米产量呈先增加后下降趋势,其中以有机肥等氮替代60%化肥时,相比单施化肥处理,产量、干物质量最大,分别增加了21.87%,17.39%;玉米植株光合作用最强,功能叶SPAD值,净光合速率,气孔导度,蒸腾作用分别增加了18.30%,27.67%,40.91%,32.88%;玉米植株氮磷钾最高;施用有机肥处理组的土壤氮磷钾含量增加,土壤容重下降7.43%~22.20%,土壤pH值增加0.42%~5.69%,土壤含水量增加0.81%~21.10%,土壤有机质含量增加了12.3%~46.6%;可能是有机肥等氮替代60%化肥时,土壤有机物质含量增加,促进植株光合作用,有助于作物养分积累和转移,增加产量,改良土壤理化性质.

Replacing some chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers is one of the fundamental technical approaches to achieving zero growth in the use of inorganic fertilizers in China.The field experiment was carried out under the condition of Shajiang black soil in southern Henan,and the summer corn Yudan 132 was used as the experimental material.Using commercial organic fertilizers and other nitrogen to replace chemical fertilizers,the effects of organic fertilizers and other nitrogen replacements on summer maize's growth and soil's physical and chemical properties were studied.Among them,the standard application of chemical fertilizers and no application of nitrogen fertilizers were set as controls,and 20%,40%,60%,80%,and 100% of the amount of nitrogen replaced by organic fertilizers were set as 7 experimental groups.The research results mainly include that the yield of organic fertilizer application was higher than that of chemical fertilizer application alone.With the organic fertilizer replacement ratio increase,the corn yield increased first and then decreased.Compared with the single application of chemical fertilizers,when 60% of chemical fertilizers are replaced with organic fertilizers and other nitrogen,the following effects will be produced:First,the yield and dry matter weight of corn was the largest,increasing by 21.87% and 17.39% respectively.Second,the photosynthesis of maize plants was the strongest,and its SPAD value,net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,and transpiration increased by 18.3%,27.67%,40.91%,and 32.88%,respectively.Third,corn plants have the highest NPK content.Fourth,when organic fertilizers are applied,the content of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium in the soil will increase,the soil bulk density will decrease from 7.43% to 22.2%,the soil pH value will increase from 0.42% to 5.69%,the soil moisture content will increase from 0.81% to 21.1%,and soil organic matter content will increase from 12.3% to 46.6%.The research results show that when organic fertilizers replace 60% of chemical fertilizers with the same amount of nitrogen,the content of soil organic matter increases,and the photosynthesis of corn plants is enhanced,which helps to improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil,promoting the accumulation and transfer of crop nutrients,and thus increaseing the yield.The conclusions can provide data reference and experience for combining organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer in summer maize production in southern Henan's Shajiang black soil area.

作者：

柴汕李青松高慧姗张泽醌张进财

Chai Shan;Li Qingsong;Gao Huishan;Zhang Zekun;Zhang Jincai(College of Resources and Environment,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：

河南农业大学资源与环境学院

出处：

《betway官方app 学报:自然科学版》 CAS 北大核心 2023年第5期122-130,共9页

Journal of Henan Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基金：

国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200600)。

关键词：

豫南农区砂姜黑土夏玉米有机肥替代化肥